Internal-combustion engine.



S. PEARSON. INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE. APPLICATION FILED DBO. 14, 1910.

1,014,668, Patented Jan.16,1'912. s SHEETS-SHEET z.

v S. PEARSON. INTERNAL OOMBUSTION ENGINE. K lr'PLIcATIoN rrnnn nno.14.1s1o K l v Patented Jan.'16,1912.

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Isa' 32 l 0 W 2? 3 l .G G I i 1 24" I 20 (25 zo i 1 i l L l kno/mers resident of Kerrville,

' tons and the crank SAMUEL PEARSON, 0F KERVILLE, TEXAS.`

INTEBNAL-CQMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

PatentedJan41a1912.

To all whom it may concern: l

Be it lknown that I, SAMUEL PEARSON, a subject ofthe King of Great Britain, and a in the county of Kerr and State of-Texas, have invented a new and Improved Internal=Combustioi1 Engine, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact description. ,p

Among the principal objects which the present invention has in view arez/to provide means for compounding the expansion eect to obtain the highestl possible etliciency; to provide means,for automatically operating the exhaust valve from the low pressure cylinder;y to providefa plurality of high pressure cylinders united for delivery to a single low pressure cylinder and arranged to deliver the partially expanded gases on opposite sides of the low pressure` piston; to provide 'means for manually and' at will reversing the operation of the pisshaft connected there# with; and to provide fa plurality of high pressure 2-cycle engine cylinders operatlvely connected to exhaust into a lowpressure cylinder and to :the opposite sides of the piston therein.

One embodiment of the present invention is disclosed in the the accompanyingv drawings, inwwhich-like characters of reference denote corresponding parts in all the views, and in which- Figure 1 is a vertical longitudinal sect-ion lof a reversible 3-cylinder 2-cyc`le type of engine, constructed and arranged in accordance with the present invention, the section being taken on the line 1'-1 in Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a vertical cross section taken on the line 2-'2 in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is a horizontal section'taken on the line 3-3 in Figs. 1 and 4; Fig. 4 is a side View of an engine constructed and arranged in accordance with the present invention, showing the reversing lever and parts connected therewith.

A referred form of the invention is illustrated in the drawings, wherein the two high pressure cylinders 9 and 10 are each providedJvith an approximately centrally dis- A posed exhaust port 11, 11. The exhaust ports open into vertical channels 12, 12, which are extended the full length of the low pressure cylinder 13, and .with which the said `chan nels are in open communication through ports 14, 14 at both ends of the said channels. The low pressure cylinder 13 is formed to a diameter to provide a surface area of "t1o`n by stulng boxes 21, 21,

structure illustrated in,

`ttl'pplication filed December 14, 1910. Serial No. 597,210

the piston 16 proportioned to the areas of the pistons 15, 15 inthe high pressure cylinders 9 and 10.

The upper and lower extensions of` the channels 12,12 are separatedI byrotary -valves 17, 17. The valves 17, 17 'are par'- tially cut awayat 18, 18 to form passages for the delivery of the partially expanded gases from the cylinders 9 and 10 to the cylinder 13. The valves 17, 17 are suitably mounted in the casing, and are connected to arms 19,1D 19 fxedly mounted on the shafts 20, 20. Theshafts-12O, 2O are eld in posif w ich are disposed 1n the frame substantially as shown in Fig. l3 of the drawings.

The arms 19, 19 are connected by a link bar 22, a stud 23 mounted thereon being extended through a slot 24 in the lever 25.

The lever 25.,is suitably mounted Sat 26 in `the frameof thetmachine, as shown best in are rocked within thechannels 12 to reverse -the passages 18, '.18 tojsfuccessively connect theupper and lower extension of 'the channels 12 withitliejcylindervs) and 10. .For exl ample, when /theglever.25 and shafts 20 20 connectcdtherewithind .carrying the lvalves 17, 17 are t-hrovvntol thefposition shown in 14`ig.""4, of the drawings, the' valves 17 v are in the position'shown inF ig. 1. If the lever 25 be now moved to the extreme right, as'

seen in said Fig. 4,'the shafts 2O and valves 17 connected therewith will be rotated one-.

quarter of a revolution, which will dispose the solid portions ofthe valves 17 on the left of Fig. 1 between the port 11 and the lower extension of the channel-12', and dispose the solid vportion of the valveat the right of Fig. 1 between the port 11 and the upper extension of the channel 12. In this described position the delivery of the gases from the cylinders 9 and 10 to the cylinder 13 would exactly reverse the delivery illus.-

' trated in the drawings in Fig. 1.

In the preferred form of adaptation of the present invention the' 2-cycle type of engine is employed in the high pressure cylinders. drawings, the lower or crank ends of the cylinders 9 `and 10 are closed to form air compression chambers below the pistonsv 15, for clearing the cylinder of burned gas and for supplying air for the explosivve mixture as and in the manner usual to this type l of engine. The openings 31, 3l at the crank mechanism, may be constructed and arends of said linders deliver into ducts 32, 32, which d cts are each in open communication v with a valve chamber 33, which is closed by a` va ve 34. At the lower end of each of the cl linders is provided an air intakeiyalve 3 constructed to openinward and toseat by lhe pressure vof a spring 36.

The-*valves 34/are -seated by springs37, and are lifted/'.fom their seat bythe pressure oftheiel in the ducts 32, when the same overbala'nces the pressure of the expanding ,gases in the cylinders9 and 10.-

Suitable fuel supply mechanism and ignition mechanism are provided tooperate in the upper' end of the cylinders 9Kand 10. The admission valves, an'df'itiming mechanism for the operationJ of the ignition ranged in accordance with any approved type.` *Y In the operation of the engine, the cranks 50, 51 and '52a`re disposed in such manner l that each ofthe cranks 50' and 5 2 is-dls-k posed at anangle of 120. in advance ofthe crank 51, the piston 16 of the low pressure cylinder 13 being connected with the said crank 51. Thefvalves 17, 17 are arranged with reference to the lead ofthe cranks 50 and 52 to deliver the partially expanded gases from the leading cylinder behind the piston 16 ibn the low pressure cylinder. In this manner the expansion of thelow pressure cylinder follows the expahnsioii of one ofthe high pressure cylinders on the outward 'power stroke of the piston in the said h-igh` pressure cylinder, and reaches, -the de ad center on the outer stroke as the expansion occurs in the other or second high pressure cylinder. Ihe partially expanded gas is transferred from, the second higli pressure cylinder to the low pressure cylinv der on the under or crank side of the piston 16 while the said piston is lifting, the said As shownA in the accompanying by spool valves 57, 57 which are mounted at each end of a single valve stem 58. 7 The stem 58` is disposed in sliding relation to a bridge 59, and between said' bridge and the heads of said spool valves are disposed spiral springs 60, 60, the operation whereof normally disposes the valves 57, 57, over the ports 53, 53.

At each end of the cylinder 13 and the chamber 54is provided a passage 61, which passage is constantly open. In the operation of the engine, when the gas is delivered from leither of the cylinders 9 or 10 tothe cylinder 13, the same is admitted through one or other of the passages 61 behind the valve 57' disposed adjacent to the portion of the cylinder 13 receivingthe charge.4 The pressure of the expanding gas thus admitted to the chamber 54 moves the spoolvalve l57, 57 out of alinement with the port 53, opening communication between the said port and the exhaust pipe`55. It will be seen that the port 53 thus open is on what may be termed the dead sideof thepiston, 16, and in the cylinder 13 where the said gases have ibeen fully expanded. The barrelor side wall f the piston v16 covers the other of said ports 53 during the expansion of the gases inthe end of thel cylinder to which they have just been admitted. In -this manner when and as`the piston 516 \is moved by a fresh charge `of expanding gases, the escape for' the# old or kdead-charge is provided.l In the reciprocationof the piston 16 suiiicientv of thedead charge is trapped'to form a cushion" at the far-end yto" l cushion the stroke of the piston, therebyl reordinary constructions.

When in thefoperation of an engine constructedand a'raged in accordance with lieving the* crankv from the strain',` as in: 'f

thepresent' .inventionl as disclosed. in the,.v-"'1' 10 accompanying, drawingsfjrandd'erein- -de-'i scrib ed,1it is desir-'edtoA reverse theengines.,- it is' only 4neces'sary/'thatzthe le`ver25 shall,

bethrownto the one or` otherextreliie.A o-

sition on thegqladrant'27, therebyrotating 115, one-quarter of airevolution'the valves 17, 17, i

and disposing the 1passages 18,18 to deliver the partially expanded gases from the two high pressurecylinders 9- and 10 in direc tions relative to thecylinder 13 t-he reverse 120 of that previously followed, and this with reference to the direction in which the engine has been previously moving.

' While I have herein described a type of engine which may be reversed in the manner as set forth, a form of construction may be employed/W wherein the engine is not reversed. In such construction one or other of the upper or lower sections of the chan-- nel 12 is omitted, and the said channel 12 is .130

constantly open between each of the-cylinders 9 or 10 and the cylinder 13, and atthe upper or lower end or port14, 14 thereof.

It willbe .understood that the non-reversible type of engine operates in all particulars, vas far as the explosion of the fuel charge andthe transference ofthe expanding .gases from the high pressure cylinders to the low pressure cylinder are concerned, as the engine above described.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new anddesire to secure by Letters Patent 'is:-`-

1. An internal combustion engine, comprising a low pressure cylinder having exhaust ports formed in the side wall thereof near the ends thereof; an exhaust chamber mounted on said cylinder and in communication therewith through said ports; a valve mounted in said chamber arranged to close said ports alternately; a piston mounted in said cylinder adapted to close said ports; a plurality of explosion cylinders connected with said low pressure cylinder to exhaust into said low pressure cylinder and at the opposite ends thereof, said cylinders having exhaust ports disposed in the wall thereof about midway the length thereof; a plurality of pistons, one mounted in each of said explosion cylinders, adapted to close the exhaust ports formed therein; a crank shaft having a plurality of cranks disposed at angles of near 120; and a plurality of piston rods connecting said cranks and said pistons.

2. An internal combustion engine, comprising a low pressure cylinder having exhaust ports formed in the side wall thereof near the ends thereof; an exhaust chamber mounted on said cylinder and in communication therewith through said ports; a valve mounted in said chamber arranged to close said ports. alternately; a piston mounted in said cylinder adapted to close said ports; a plurality of explosion cylinders connected with said low pressurecylinder to exhaust into said low pressure 4cylinder and at the opposite ends thereof, said cylinders having exhaust ports disposed in the wall thereof about midway the length thereof; a plurality-of pistons, one mounted in each of'said explosion cylinders, adapted to close the exhaust ports formed therein; a crank shaft having a plurality of cranks disposed'at an. gles of near 120 a pluralit of piston rods connecting said cranks and saidl pistons; and means for shifting said valve in said exhaust chamber in timed relation with the movement of the pistons in said explosion cylinders. v

3. An internal combustion engine, comprising a low pressure cylinder having exhaust ports formed in the side wall thereof near the ends thereof; an exhaust chamber mounted on said cylinder, being in communication therewith through said ports and cylinder and said chamberfto'fadmit the fexpanding gas from said cylinderA to said chamber; a slide valve mountedV in said chamber arranged toclose said ports-'alternately; a plurality of springs arranged to normally maintain the said valve in closed relation to said ports; a piston mounted in said cylinder adapted to close said ports; a

. plurality of explosion cylinders connected with said low pressure cylinder to exhaust yinto said low pressure cylinder and at -the opposite ends thereof, said cylinders having exhaust ports' disposed inthe wall thereof about midway the length rthereof; a plurality of pistons, one mounted in each of said explosion cylinders, adapted to close the exhaust ports formed therein; a crank shaft having a pluralityof cranks disposed at angles of near 1200; and a plurality of pist-.on rods connecting said cranks and said pistons.

4.' An internal combustion engine, comprisingva low pressure cylinder having exhaust ports formed in the side wall thereof near the ends thereof and intake ports disposed at the ends of said cylinder; an exhaust chamber mounted on said cylinder and in communication therewith through said ports; a valve mounted in said chamber larranged to close said\ports alternately ;y

in'eans for shifting said valve in said exhaust chamber in timed relation with the movement of the pistons in the explosion cylinders of said engine; a piston mounted in said low pressure cylinder adapted to close said ports; a plurality of explosion cylinders connected with said low pressure' cylinder to exhaust into said lowpressure cylinder through said intake ports; a plurality of pistons one mounted in each of said explosion cylinders, adapted to close the exhaust ports formed therein; a crank shaft having a plurality of cranks disposed at angles of near 120; and a plurality of piston rods connecting said cranks and said pistons.

5. An internal combustion engine, comprising a low pressure cylinder having exhaust ports formed in the side wall thereof near the ends thereof and intake ports disposed at the ends of said cylinder; an exhaust chamber mounted on said cylinder land in communication therewith through said ports; a valve mounted in said chamber arranged to close said ports alternately; a piston mounted in sa'fdcylinder adapted to close said ports; a plurality of explosion cylinders, each connected with said low pressure cylinder through an exhaust port disposed midway-the length of each explosion cylinder and through the intake ports at the opposite ends of said low pressure cylinder; deflecting valves sage connecting the exhaust ports in vsaid explosion cylinders and the intake ports in disposed in the pasthrough passages formedatthe'lends of said I said low pressure cylinder, a plurality of pistons, one mounted'in each'of said explosion cylinders; adapted to close the exhaust ports formed therein; a crank shaft having a plurality of cranks disposed at angles of near 1200;.and a'plurality of piston. rods connecting said cranks and said pistons.

6. An internal combustion engine, comprising a low pressure cylinder having exhaust ports formed in the side wallthereof near the ends thereof; an exhaust chamber mounted on said cylinder and'i'n communication therewith through said ports; a

valve mounted in said chamber arranged t61N close said ports alternately; a piston `mounted in said cylinder adaptedto close posed between said explosion cylinders and 'l low pressure cylinder, having formed therein passages forthe gases exhausted from said explosion cylinders, said passagesbeing extended lengthwise of said low pressure cylinder; a plurality of valves arranged to deliver alternately the said gases to the one end and to the other end of said low pressure-fy cylinder; and means for shifting the said' valves to control the passage of saidgases.

7. An internal combustion engine, comprising a low pressure cylinder having exhaust ports formed in the side wall thereof near the ends thereof; an exhaust chamber mounted on said cylinder, being in communication therewith through said ports and through passages formed at the ends of said cylinder and said chamber to admit the expanding gas from saidr cylinder to said chamber; a slide valve mounted in said chamber to close said ports alternately; a plurality of springs arranged to normally maintain the said valve in closed relation to said ports; a piston mounted in said cylinder adapted to close said ports; a plurality of explosion cylinders connected with said.

low pressure cylinder to exhaust into said low pressure cylinder and at the opposite ends thereof, said cylinders having exhaust ports disposed in the wall thereof midway the length thereof; a plurality of pistons,

on'e mounted in each of said explosion cylin--' ders, adapted to close the exhaust portsy formed therein; a crank shaft .havingav plurality of cranks disposed at angles of near 120; a plurality of'piston rods con- 65 lnecting said cranks and said pistons; a c011- necting structure interposed between said explosion cylinders and low pressure cylinder, having formed therein passages for the gases exhausted from said explosion cylinders, said passages being extended lengthwise of said low pressure cylinder; a plurality of valvesarranged vto deliver alternately thesaid gases to` the one end and to the other end of said low 'pressure cylinder; 75 and means for shifting the said valves to control the passage of said gases. v,

8. A n internal combustionl engine, comprising allow pressure cylinder having exhaust ports formed in the side wall thereof near the ends thereof and intake ports disposed at the ends of sai'd cylinder; an exhaust chamber mounted on saidcylinder and in' communication therewith through said exhaust ports; a valve mounted in /said chambery arranged to close said exhaust ports alternately; means for shifting said valve in said exhaust chamber in timed relation with the movement of thel pistons in the explosion cylinders of said engine; a piston 90. mounted in said low pressure cylinder adapted to close said exhaust ports; a plu-` rality of explosion cylinders connected with said low\ pressure cylinder to exhaust into said low pressure cylinder through said'in- 95 f take ports; a plurality of pistons one mounted in each of said explosion' cylinders, adapted to close the exhaust ports formed therein; a crank shaft having a plurality of vcranks disposed at angles of near( 120; a 100 plurality of piston rods connecting said cranksand said pistons; a connecting structure interposed between said explosion cylinders and low pressurev cylinder, having "formed therein passages .for the gases exv hausted from said explosion cylinders, said passages being extended lengthwise of said low pressure cylinder; a plurality of valves arranged `to deliver alternately the said gases f to the one end and to the other end'of said 110 low pressure cylinder; and means for shifting the said valves to control the passage of said gases. d

In testimony whereof I have' signed this' specification in the ing witnesses. y

' 'p SAMUEL PEARSON. Witnesses: I

A.C. SCHREINER, A. W. HENKE.'

presence of'two subscrib- 1 15 

